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Age and Sex Estimation Using Artificial Intelligence From Standard 12-Lead ECGs

Attia ZI, Friedman PA, Noseworthy PA, Lopez-Jimenez F, Ladewig DJ, Satam G, Pellikka PA, Munger TM, Asirvatham SJ, Scott CG, Carter RE, Kapa S (2019)

Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology 12(9).

URL: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.119.007284

Abstract. Neural network trained on standard 12-lead ECGs to estimate a patient's age and sex, showing that demographic information is encoded in ECG waveforms in ways not apparent to human readers.